Saturday, July 2, 2011

Life Documents

Life documents are secondary sources that involve the expression of feelings, emotions, thoughts that are used in everyday life.

They are personal documents and sources that have been created not for the purpose of research, but during the course of ordinary life. Diaries and letters are examples of life documents.

Life documents tend to be QUALITATIVE in nature as they are about what people think, and often how they feel.

They are expressions of ideas that might allow a researcher to understand what it means to be someone. In this way, using life documents might be seen to allow verstehen

A life history is a case study of one person’s life. An example is Thomas and Znaniecki’s (1919) study of Jenny, an ageing woman.

Plummer (1982) suggests that they are useful for helping you to understand the world from an individual’s point of view. They provide rich detail and can help to generate hypotheses.

Some feminists, such as Mies (1993) think that life histories can be used to help women understand their own situation and perhaps change their lives – e.g. life histories discussing domestic violence may help a woman decide to leave a violent partner.

Social Surveys

These are often research projects that involved collecting data about large numbers of people.

Social surveys can be done by (open) unstructured interviews or observation but the most common form is by questionnaires.


The aims of social surveys

To find out facts about people

To uncover differences in society’s beliefs, values and behaviours

To test (disprove or prove) hypothesis


British Crime Survey (BCS) is a form of social survey, conducted every two years with aims to find out about peoples’ experiences of becoming victims of crimes.

There are three types of factual social surveys (Ackroyd and Hughes, 1981):

Factual Survey: is use to gather descriptive information, hence, the government census can be regarded as a factual survey.

Attitude Survey: is used in the form of opinion polls. The main focus of this type of survey is this aimed to collect individuals’ subjective states.

Explanatory survey: is used when surveys were aimed for testing theories in order to falsify or produce new theories.